The Global Heating and the Thermoelectrial Plants

1. The superficial temperature of the Land is determined by a rocking of energy between the incident solar radiation and the rejected thermal radiation for the space. If the Land did not have an atmosphere involving, as in Mercury, its superficial temperature would be of the -18 order ° C. However, the gaseous layer that the Land has covered contains, beyond oxygen and nitrogen, dioxide of carbon (CO2) and other gases that allow that the thermal radiation of short wave pass through the layer, but absorbs most of the thermal radiation of long wave emitted by the terrestrial surface. This is a similar process to that it occurs inside in a pot of displayed glass or of an car to the sun, being this known process as "effect greenhouse". These properties of selective absorption of the gases of the atmosphere result in a propitious global average temperature to the life in its some forms.
3. However, some activities human beings have significantly increased the global concentration of certain gases in the atmosphere, over all the Co2. To the measure that the concentration of these gases increases, the average superficial temperature of the Land also must increase to keep the rocking of energy between the radiation that arrives and the one that leaves the Land. Scientific projections foresee that folding it amount of Co2 in the atmosphere in relation to the current levels, ° C in the average temperature of the surface of the Land would result in an increase of 3 the 5. This increase of temperature can cause the increase of the level of the sea, provoking drastic alterations of the regional climates and the rain precipitation standards. The current annual global Co2 production due the activities human beings is esteem in 23 billion tons. But, beyond the problem of the rise of the ambient temperature, the fósseis fuel burning liberates certain oxides, as the NOx and the SO2, that in turn if they transform into the atmosphere in secondary pollutants as acid nitric and sulfuric acid, both easily dissolvíveis in water. The acid ones also can be changedded into leave sulphur and of nitrogen and these acid ones, then, can precipitate through rain (known as acid rain), fog or snow. The damages of this rain can be caused in forests, plantations, lakes, fish, building, water of supplying, cars, people, etc, and, with the increase of the acidity of the land, the resources of feeding and production diminish. In the Phillipino, the pollution - basically Co2 - caused by a thermoelectrial plant, provoked serious respiratory problems in the resident population in the neighborhoods as well as the reduction of the production and agricultural income and job, product quality.
5. This "Brazilian" government now intends to install 49 thermoelectrial plants in Brazil, moved the natural gas and to be bought of multinationals. E, if the concessionaires who will possess these malfadadas plants are being privatized, why the expenses with the installations are being made with the money of the poor people and going in I benefit of particular multibilionários? It did not have to be the Brazilian people to earn with "venda"? E in contrast of that he has been divulged in Brazil as enganosa propaganda, the natural gas is not clean energy, it is less pollutant only 20% of the one than the oil. For each GWh produced with natural gas, they are emitted around 500 tons of Co2 for the atmosphere. E so that these 500 tons are launched to the air of Brazil, is enough only two hours of operation of each one of these plants that desnecessariamente want to spread for the Country. The pollutant gases emitted now for the atmosphere will delay 150 years to waste themselves. Beyond all this damage, the thermoelectrial one still has capacity to cause other enormous damages to the environment. A thermoelectrial one needs enormous volumes of water for the refrigeration of its equipment and by cause of this it always is installed close to great sources, as rivers and lakes. The thermoelectrial one catches the cold water of the river and it very returns it hot to the volume, whose warm water then is capable to destroy its fauna and flora.
6. Brazil has much to earn in terms of energy conservation, for example. The Coefficient of Intensidade Energética (CIE) that it gives a measure of how much efficient is the energy park, indicates that the CIE of Brazil is of 0,64 while that of Germany is of 0,32 and of Japan is of 0,27, showing that it exists much space in Brazil for technologies and measures that increase the energy efficiency. A refrigerator made in Brazil consumes about 350 kWh while that this refrigerator of same size made in the Denmark consumes 100 kWh. Or either, our industries consume much energy to produce equipment that consumes much energy and, consequently, with raised prices more. She would be (if it is that some thing still makes sensible in Present-day Brazil...) necessary that the government created measured to assist the modernity of our industrial park. Thus, besides being able to find more energy here exactly, at the same time in we would become them more competitive in the international markets.
7. It is not with the installation of pollutant, harmful plants and expensive that we will go to increase our energy efficiency and our competitiveness, in contrast, we will continue obsolete still more and in harming! The average cost of the MWh of the hidrelétrica is between USS 17 USS 20, while that the MWh of the thermoelectrial plant is around USS 35. Our lines of transmission also are obsolete and are esteem that in the countries of the third world the corresponding loss of energy is of the order of 20% of the generated energy. Twenty percent on the capacity installed in Brazil corresponds to about 12 GW, accurately one plant of Itaipu. Additionally, years behind we launch for the national press the idea of a program of partial substitution of the current light bulbs for existing more efficient light bulbs in the market. We verify, at that time, that through one it programs of these we could all gain in Brazil the equivalent more a plant of Itaipu.
8. Brazil possesss a hidroelectric potential of 195.000 mW beyond the one that already is installed, being that more than 50% of this are in the Amazônia. E the North already is linked to the remaining portion of the Country by means of transmission lines! The problem of the energy consumption is restricted basically to the peak hours, between the 17:30 and the 20:30 and duration of the maximum peak is of less of one hour, being that in the remain of the day the installed energy capacity is practically super-dimensionada. Moreover, in these last years the economic indices and social Brazilians if had become negatives, what it must have lead to a reduction of the energy consumption
9. The solar energy can give an enormous contribution for the reduction of consume-pricks of electric energy as well as protecting the environment and diminishing the demand of conventional energy. We could still cite several other solutions, but we will only mention the micron-hidrelétricas as complementary exit. The availability of resources of all order and clean energy that Brazil was blessed (to the times it seems not to be meritório) and with the possibilities of energy conservation is verified that we do not need to damage the Country nor to increase the pollution of our air with these ominous thermoelectrial plants, that will now generate worse consequences later however more indebtedness of the Country and impoverishment of the people. We have much energy of clean surplus and here same without necessity to spend in thermoelectrial generation that is foreign to our energy resources and harmful to the Country, the people and the environment. However, the solution of the Brazilian problems has not passed for the ways of the explicit support to the basic necessities of the people and the defense of the Nation.
10. Advantages:
11. The biggest advantage of a Thermoelectrial plant is that it can be constructed next or together to the consumption places, what implies great economy in the costs of implantation of the transmission nets. The natural gas can be used as raw material to generate heat, electricity and motor force, in the siderurgical, chemical, petrochemical industries and of fertilizers, with the advantage of being less pollutant, easiness of transport and manuscript, vector of attraction of investments and security. The mineral coal, also used as raw material, is present in the good deposits, with easy extration, fuel of moderate cost for being quoted in national currency and equated ambient questions
12. Disadvantages:
13. It has as bigger disadvantage the raised expenses with the fuel consumption and its maintenance. Moreover, depending on the fuel, it has the ambient impacts as: pollution of air, heating of waters, the impact of the construction of roads for the fuel supplying of the Plant, aggravation of the effect greenhouse, acid rain, between outros.Para each GWh produced with natural gas, is emitted around 500 tons of Co2 for the atmosphere. E so that these 500 tons are launched to the air of Brazil, is enough only two hours of operation of each one of these plants that desnecessariamente want to spread for the Country. The pollutant gases emitted now for the atmosphere will delay 150 years to waste themselves. Beyond all this damage, the thermoelectrial one still has capacity to cause other enormous damages to the environment. A thermoelectrial one needs enormous volumes of water for the refrigeration of its equipment and by cause of this it always is installed close to great sources, as rivers and lakes. The thermoelectrial one catches the cold water of the river and it very returns it hot to the volume, whose warm water then is capable to destroy its fauna and flora. In more, it is not with the installation of pollutant, harmful plants and expensive that we will go to increase our energy efficiency and our competitiveness, in contrast, we will continue obsolete still more and in harming! The average cost of the MWh of the hidrelétrica is between USS 17 USS 20, while that the MWh of the thermoelectrial plant is around USS 35. Our lines of transmission also are obsolete and are esteem that in the countries of the third world the corresponding loss of energy is of the order of 20% of the generated energy. Twenty percent on the capacity installed in Brazil corresponds to about 12 GW, accurately one plant of Itaipu.O Brazil possesss a hidroelectric potential of 195.000 mW beyond the one that already is installed, being that more than 50% of this are in the Amazônia. E the North already is linked to the remaining portion of the Country by means of transmission lines! The problem of the energy consumption is restricted basically to the peak hours, between the 17:30 and the 20:30 and duration of the maximum peak is of less of one hour, being that in the remain of the day the installed energy capacity is practically super-dimensionada. Moreover, in these last years the economic indices and social Brazilians if had become negatives, what it must have lead to a reduction of the energy consumption.